Simulation-based severe weather-induced container terminal economic loss estimation

Container terminals play a critical role in maritime supply chains. However, they show vulnerabilities to severe weather events due to the sea–land interface locations. Previous severe weather risk analysis focused more on larger assessment units, such as regions and cities. Limited studies assessed severe weather risks on a smaller scale of seaports. This paper aims to propose a severe weather-induced container terminal loss estimation framework. Based on a container terminal operation simulation model, monthly average loss and single event-induced loss are obtained by using historical hazard records and terminal operation records as model inputs. By studying the Port of Shenzhen as the case study, we find that the fog events in March lead to the longest monthly port downtime and the highest monthly severe weather-induced economic losses in the studied port. The monthly average loss is estimated to be 30 million USD, accounting for 20% of the intact income. The worst-case scenario is found to be a red-signal typhoon attack which results in nearly 20% decrease in the month’s income. The results provide useful references for various container terminal stakeholders in severe weather risk management.     

A maritime safety on-board decision support system to enhance emergency evacuation on ferryboats

Planning emergency evacuation operations in a proactive manner in public marine transportation systems is a critical success factor for passenger and crew safety. Despite the fact that there is a growing attention on safety issues for marine transportation systems, providing a real-time decision support for evacuation planning under different emergency conditions has not yet been addressed. In this context, this paper contributes to the related literature by providing a comprehensive methodology including simulation and statistical analysis along with a three-module decision support system (DSS) for ferryboat emergency evacuation. Emergency evacuation and fire environment are simulated via Maritime EXODUS V5.1 and SMARTFIRE V4.3, respectively. The methodology is applied to a real-life Ro-Ro ferry, and the results not only revealed significant factors on emergency evacuation performance, but also demonstrated the validity of the developed decision support system.     

Local joint flexibility of tubular X-joints stiffened with external ring or external plates

In the present paper, the Local Joint Flexibility (LJF) of the ring-stiffened X-joints and plate-stiffened X-joints under compressive load is investigated. In the first phase, a finite element (FE) model was generated and verified with the results of available experimental tests and equations. In the next phase, a set number of 234 FE models were created to evaluate the role of the external ring size (β_r and τ_r), the external plate size (β_p and τ_p), and the connection geometry (γ, τ, and β) on the LJF factor (f_LJF). In these FE models, the weld connecting the chord and brace members was generated. The results indicated that the f_LJF of a plate stiffened joint can be down to 76% of the f_LJF of the corresponding un-stiffened joint. Also, the effect of the ring size on the f_LJF was more than the effect of the plate size on the f_LJF, because of the stiffener position. Despite the notable effect of the ring and the plate on the f_LJF, there is not any study or formula on tubular connections stiffened with ring or plate. Therefore, the FE results were used to propose two parametric formulas for determining the f_LJF in X-joints with external ring or external plate under brace compressive load. Moreover, the derived formulas were checked based on the UK DoE acceptance criteria.     

多车道高速公路出口开口段安全特性分析

为研究不同断面形式下的多车道高速公路出口影响区开口长度及流量与交通安全的关系，针对2种断面形式的高速公路出口，分别设计了3种不同的开口长度，结合3种不同流量条件设计了18个不同的驾驶模拟场景。实验招募30名被试者开展模拟驾驶实验，提取不同开口长度及流量条件下各断面形式高速公路出口的车辆行驶轨迹、换道间隙的选择、减速度、最小 TTC (Time to Collision)等驾驶行为特性参数，综合分析基于驾驶行为数据对不同开口长度的行车风险。结果表明：两种断面形式下，开口长度对于车辆在开口段上的换道点选择存在显著影响；两种断面形式下，1500 m的开口长度能够满足绝大多数驾驶人的换道需求；在换道间隙选择中，大都集中在5~6 s，分离式断面下的开口长度对于低于临界间隙的换道间隙出现的频次具有显著影响；流量及开口长度对于最大减速度及TTC最小值和分布位置均不存在显著性影响，但分离式断面下的最大减速度和最小TTC相较于整体式断面更小；此外，整体式断面中内侧3车道的行车风险低于分离式断面，分离式断面中外侧车道的行车风险低于整体式断面。     

新型竖直轴海洋能发电设备叶片的优化与仿真

为深入了解新型竖直轴海洋能发电设备的性能,对其叶片结构的流场特性和设备在流场中的动力收集特性进行仿真研究.建立不同结构叶片和不同数量叶片的二维模型,通过仿真计算,得到不同结构叶片的流场状态,以及叶片数分别为3、4和6时设备的合力和转矩大小.研究结果表明:在矩形叶片上开长方形孔能明显改善叶片后方的涡流,提高叶片的性能;当入口速度不变时,设备所受合力和转矩会随叶片数量的增加而增大;当叶片数量不变时,设备所受合力和转矩会随入口速度的增加而增大.研究结果可为新型竖直轴海洋能发电设备的结构设计与优化提供参考.     

矿山法隧道拱部装配式衬砌结构设计研究

为解决矿山法铁路隧道施工拱部常出现的衬砌背后脱空、二次衬砌厚度及强度不足等质量缺陷问题，提出矿山法隧道拱部采用装配式预制管片结构的新思路，并基于时速350 km双线铁路隧道，采用数值计算分析研究拱部装配式衬砌结构的系列设计参数。主要研究结论有： 1）提出拱部装配式衬砌环向不分块的整体预制形式，综合考虑理论计算结果、行车安全分析、机械设备运输及拼装能力、拱部衬砌承载能力等，确定拱部管片环向弦长8.6 m、纵向幅宽2 m、衬砌厚度50 cm的结构尺寸及配筋设计参数； 2）提出拱部预制管片之间环缝采用螺栓连接、拱部预制管片与现浇边墙采用“L”型榫接头的接头形式及其设计参数； 3）为保证拱部管片的顺利安装，“L”型榫接头应考虑一定的施工误差，同时拱部预制管片与初期支护间应预留安装空间，后期通过管片背后纵向注浆填充密实。隧道拱部装配式衬砌技术成功应用于重庆胡家沟隧道，总体实施效果较好。     

秦岭马白山隧道新型紧急救援站结构型式研究北大核心CSCD

针对艰险山区高速铁路隧道的防灾救援难题,文章依托秦岭马白山隧道,提出了适合该隧道的新型紧急救援站结构型式,并利用FDS软件模拟隧道内纵向通风时列车着火后的烟气扩散,确定了规范中尚未给出的紧急救援站隔离区长度参数。结果表明:(1)秦岭马白山隧道新型紧急救援站结构型式应包括疏散区、隔离区以及待避救援区;(2)利用FDS数值模拟时,在不考虑纵向通风下,烟气沿下坡方向的扩散长度为295 m;考虑沿下坡方向通风时烟气最远扩散长度为980 m,建议隔离区长度设置为1000 m。     

仿真技术在舰船设计研究中应用

文章论述了仿真的概念及其在舰船设计研究中的应用,分别对推进系统、舰船航态及船舶电力系统仿真进行了介绍,分析了该技术在国内外的现状及发展方向,提出了我国在这方面应努力的方向。     

可控被动式减摇水舱气阀控制规律研究

可控被动式减摇水舱是对被动式减摇水舱的一种改进.文章在可控被动式减摇水舱系统数学模型的基础上,推导了最佳控制相位的理论依据,并对气阀开启和关闭时刻的选取进行了研究.对不规则波的仿真结果表明,根据船舶的横摇角速度进行气阀控制,满足最佳控制相位是行之有效的,它使可控被动式减摇水舱的减摇能力最大,减摇效果更佳.     

蒸汽喷射压缩器特性计算与分析

基于热力学原理并引入气体动力学函数,建立了蒸汽喷射压缩器的计算模型,提出了喷射压缩器喷射系数及压缩压力等特性参数的计算方法.计算分析了工作蒸汽压力、引射蒸汽压力、压缩比等对最佳喷射系数的影响,以及喷射系数和压缩压力、压缩比的关系特性,为蒸汽喷射压缩器的热力参数设计提供了理论依据和有效的计算方法.